The main question of the present article is what is the beginning of the birth and emergence of the racial reading in the history of Iran. (zero degree) and on the basis of which discourse formulation. this racial reading of history as a comprehensive discourse order in contemporary Iranian historiography (from the Qajar period to the end of Pahlavi II reign). found a discourse defini... https://www.cosmeticssquadets.shop/product-category/valves/